REFRACT Cafe- « La police et sa réforme en RD Congo »- 22 October.
REFRACT Cafe- « La police et sa réforme en RD Congo »


Présentation du Café
La session a d’abord proposé, à travers l’intervention de Michel Thill, un aperçu de l’histoire de la réforme de la police en RDC. Elle a mis en lumière le quotidien des policiers réformés et leurs interactions avec la population, permettant ainsi de dégager des enseignements utiles aux réformateurs et d’esquisser des pistes de réflexion sur l’avenir de la réforme dans un contexte marqué par la guerre et l’occupation militaire.
En complément, Césaire Rasamoelina a abordé l’aspect pratique de la mise en œuvre d’un programme d’appui à la gouvernance et à la réforme de la police en RDC. Son intervention a porté sur les défis rencontrés, les approches développées et les leçons tirées depuis 2022, avec un focus particulier sur la mise en œuvre dans le contexte spécifique de l’État de siège en Ituri.
REFRACT Cafe- "Gender Backlash and Rising Authoritarianism in Fragile Contexts"- 08 October
REFRACT Cafe- "Gender Backlash and Rising Authoritarianism in Fragile Contexts" -08 October


Speaker:
Maria Martin de Almagro
Description of the event :
The session explored the question: How do rising authoritarianism and gender backlash intersect in fragile contexts?
At a time when 71% of the world’s population lives under autocracy, this ReFrACT Café examined how this global trend, combined with systemic inequalities, further restricted civic space and created profound risks for women and LGBTQIA+ communities.
Drawing on extensive literature and policy analysis, the session analysed the interplay between authoritarian politics, fragility, and gender backlash — showing how gender rights were not only undermined but often strategically instrumentalised by regimes to reinforce power and legitimacy.
The presentation unpacked three interrelated trends:
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Discursive opposition to gender equality and the rise of so-called “anti-gender ideology.”
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Genderwashing and co-optation of women’s movements and civil society organisations.
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Targeting of women leaders and activists, including repression, harassment, and symbolic inclusion.
Insights were shared on how these dynamics complicate women’s meaningful political participation, and how international actors can avoid inadvertently reinforcing authoritarian strategies.
The session concluded with practical recommendations for donors and policymakers on supporting independent women’s and LGBTQIA+ movements, countering disinformation, and adopting intersectional approaches to advance equality in politically constrained environments.
REFRACT Cafe- “Civic Space and the Leaving No One Behind Principle’’- 23 September.
“Civic Space and the Leaving No One Behind Principle’’


How can civil society actors in fragile and increasingly repressive environments continue their work towards marginalised communities?
Civic space, defined broadly as the space for civil society actors to maneuver (Buyse, 2018), is being challenged globally. The situation is particularly challenging in fragile contexts, amid rising authoritarianism, shrinking freedoms, and increasing vulnerabilities.
Drawing from a combination of literature review and policy analysis, the study presented during this Refract Café offers fresh perspectives on the interplay between civic space and fragility, and how the Leave No One Behind (LNOB) principle can serve as a complementary lens to understand the adaptive power of civil society actors.
The presentation discussed five innovative strategies employed by civil society actors to maintain their agency in the face of shifting civic space. The authors also shared insights from case studies and testimonies on how these actors strive to incorporate and support the LNOB principle in their agendas during challenging times.
The session highlighted practical recommendations for donors and civil society organisations seeking to sustain meaningful engagement with local actors in fragile contexts.
Speakers:
Jan Van Ongevalle, Research manager at HIVA/KU Leuven
Alejandra Villanueva Ubillús, Senior researcher at HIVA/KU Leuven
REFRACT Cafe- Exchange with Dr. Bakary Sambe, Timbuktu Institute- 09 September.
Entretien avec Dr. Bakary Sambe, Timbuktu Institute


REFRACT Cafe- " Russian Information Operations in the Sahel: A Data-Driven Typology and Analysis" -13 May.
Russian Information Operations in the Sahel: A Data-Driven Typology and Analysis


In recent years, the Sahel region has become a focal point for various information operations, particularly those linked to Russia. As geopolitical tensions rise, it is crucial to investigate how these operations shape narratives and influence local dynamics.
This Cafe featured Professor Stéphane Baele from UCLouvain, who presented his paper titled “Russian Information Operations in the Sahel Region.” This research provided a comprehensive typology of the actors involved in these operations, grounded in a systematic analysis of the digital behaviors and content from over 250 Facebook pages based in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger that maintain connections with the Kremlin.
The discussion, chaired by ReFrACT co-lead researcher, Emmanuel Klimis, was complemented by insights from Melissa Lakrib who is currently researching the impact of Wagner’s deployment on the nature of civil war in Northern Mali.
This event aimed to shed light on the complexities of information warfare in the Sahel and discussed the implications for regional stability and international engagement.
Projection film 'Colombes sans Gravité' en avant-première et conférence-débat- 16 et 17 Mai
Projection film 'Colombes sans Gravité' en avant-première et conférence-débat
Comment le conflit au Mali consacre les soldats de la paix en acteurs impuissants de la guerre et pourquoi cet echec annonce un nouvel ordre mondial.
Il y a onze ans, le Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU, dans la continuité de l’intervention militaire française, décidait de l’installation d’une Mission de maintien de la paix au Mali, la MINUSMA. Les forces internationales devaient stabiliser le pays, aider à rétablir le fonctionnement démocratique et éliminer la menace djihadiste.Depuis, cette dernière ne s’est jamais autant étendue au Sahel, ce qu’il reste d’État au Mali s’en est remis à un groupe de mercenaires russes et la France, ancienne puissance coloniale, a été poussée dehors puis ensuite les Nations-Unies. Plongé au cœur des instances opérationnelles et décisionnelles de la mission des Nations-Unies au Mali et à New-York, éclairé par le témoignage d’acteurs directs, COLOMBES SANS GRAVITÉ voyage aux sources de l’échec pour questionner le modèle interventionniste international, les illusions perdues des solutions de paix et des processus politiques, à l’heure où la multiplication des conflits asymétriques à forts potentiels de contagion laisse craindre le retour de confrontations globales.
Ce documentaire a été présenté en première mondiale en novembre dernier à Columbia University, à l’invitation de Jean-Marie Guéhenno. Depuis, le film a été projeté lors de séances spéciales dans des cinémas.
Les séances au Cinéma Aventure de Bruxelles les vendredi 16 (19h) et samedi 17 (16h) mai 2024 ont été organisées à l’initiative du Centre de recherche en science politique (CReSPo) de l’UCLouvain Saint-Louis-Bruxelles, en collaboration avec le PSP REFRACT et l’APNU. La projection a été suivie d’une conférence-débat d’une heure, en présence du réalisateur et d’experts, et prolongée par un drink.
L’information a été diffusée à large échelle et le public a été nombreux à y assister.
The Contribution of the Penal System in the Fight Against Corruption in Burkina Faso- 18 Mars 2025
The Contribution of the Penal System in the Fight Against Corruption in Burkina Faso
Prof. Edouard Ouedraogo, Dean of the Faculty of Law at Thomas Sankara University, presented valuable insights into the complexities of the penal system and its role in combating corruption. The discussion sparked meaningful dialogue among a diverse audience of professionals and policymakers. The engagement and perspectives shared during the event highlighted the importance of collaborative efforts in effectively addressing corruption. Appreciation is extended to all participants who contributed to this vital conversation.
"The implementation of the Humanitarian-Development Peace Nexus in the DRC"- 07 April 2025
"The implementation of the Humanitarian-Development Peace Nexus in the DRC"



Description of the event :
As one of the most ambitious frameworks to date, the Triple Nexus seeks to bring together security, development, and humanitarian sectors to more effectively coordinate, finance, and respond to complex crises and conflict situations. According to the OECD (2019:6), the approach aims to “leverage the strengths of each sector… to reduce vulnerability, improve risk management, and tackle the underlying causes of conflict.” But what is needed for the successful implementation of the Triple-Nexus and integrated capacity-building across the spectrum of insecurity? How do we best leverage defense and security actors’ expertise in implementing the Triple-Nexus? This REFRACT Café explores these questions and the implementation of the Triple-Nexus in the DRC. Based on empirical examples and with a broad historical, geographical, and social perspective, Prof. Muzalia examines the evolution of humanitarian and development logics in the DRC: scattered humanitarian interventions, privileged zones and domains of intervention and the HDP nexus. He will then examine how this has transformed the affected areas and identify some of the challenges that must be overcome in order to improve interventions. Prof. Swedlund will discuss the results of a research project that studied the implementation of the Triple-Nexus across three Congolese provinces—Kasai, Kasai Central, and Tanganyika. The project’s core objectives are: (1) identifying the most promising practices for integrated capacity-building, and (2) comparing alternative approaches for integrating defense and security actors, including in partnership with UN missions.











